SUBJECT
1.
THE MEANING OF SUBJECT
In English
grammar, a subject is one of the two main parts of a
sentence. (The other main part is the predicate.
The subject is sometimes called the naming part of a sentence or clause.
The subject usually appears before the
predicate to show (a) what the sentence is about, or (b) who or what performs
the action. As show below, the subject is commonly a noun, pronoun,
or noun phrase.
2. TYPES OF SUBJECTS
A. The
subject may be just a single word: a noun or a pronoun.
In this first example, the proper noun Felix is the subject of the sentence:
In this first example, the proper noun Felix is the subject of the sentence:
-
Felix laughed.
In the next example, the personal
pronoun he is
the subject:
-
He laughed.
B.
The subject may be a noun phrase--that is, a word group
made up of a head noun and any modifiers, determiners (such as the,
a, her), and/or complements.
In this example, the subject is The first person in line:
-
The first person in line spoke to the television
reporter.
C.
Two (or more) nouns, pronouns, or noun phrases may be
linked by and to make acompound
subject. In this example, the compound subject is Winnie
and her sister:
-
Winnie and her sister will sing at the recital
this evening.
3. EXAMPLES OF SUBJECTS
In each of the following
sentences, the subject is in italics.
1.
Time flies.
2.
We will try.
3.
The Johnsons have returned.
4.
Dead men tell no tales.
5.
Our school cafeteria always smelled
like stale cheese and dirty socks.
6. The children in the first row received badges.
6. The children in the first row received badges.
7.
The birds and the bees are flying in
the trees.
8.
My little dog and my old cat play
hide-and-seek in the garage.
9.
Could you carry some of these books?
10.
[You] Go home now.
VERB
1.
THE MEANING OF VERB
A verb is one of
the main parts of a sentence or question in English.
In fact, you can’t have a sentence or a question without a verb! That’s how important these “action” parts of speech are.
In fact, you can’t have a sentence or a question without a verb! That’s how important these “action” parts of speech are.
The verb signals an action, an
occurrence, or a state of being. Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs
always express activity.
A verb can be
considered as one of the most important parts of a sentence. You probably
already know that a sentence must be composed of a subject and a predicate, so
what makes a verb so important? Well, the verb is the main component of a
predicate. Without it, there won’t be a sentence, just a bunch of words with an
incomplete thought. Simply defined, the verb is a part of speech which is used
to demonstrate an action or a state of being.
2.
TYPES OF VERB
A.
TRANSITIVE
VERB
Transitive
Verb is the verb that needs object and usually followed by noun.
These
transitive verbs include arrest, avoid, do, enjoy, find, force, get, give,
grab, hit, like, pull , report, shock, take, tell, touch, want, warn…
Example:
-
She takes a book.
-
I need a chair.
-
They speak English.
B.
INTRANSITIVE VERB
Intransitive
Verb is the verb which does not need object, but it needs adverbial modifier.
These intransitive verbs include appear, come, fall, go, happen, matter, sleep,
swim, wait…
Example:
-
He cries.
-
They dance well.
-
She sings beautifully.
C.
LINKING VERB
Linking
Verb refers to verb that needs subjective complement rather than object and
that subjective complement describes the subject.
These
Linking Verbs include: be, smell, feel, taste, prove, look, become, appear,
stay, remain, get, sound, seem, grow, turn, go…
a)
Subjective
Complement can be “Adjective”
Example:
-
Your face grows red.
-
He looks tired.
-
Her voice sounds pretty.
b) Subjective Complement can be “Noun
or Pronoun”
Example:
-
He becomes a district governor.
-
The robber is you.
D.
AUXILIARY VERB
Auxiliary
Verbs are used to form question and negative sentence, and they are usually
used with main verb to form many different kinds of tenses.
a)
Be is used to form Continuous Tense and Passive Voice.
Example:
-
The dog is biting a child.
-
A child is bitten by the dog.
b)
Have/Has is used to form Perfect Tense
Example:
-
They have known me for 3 years.
-
She has had dinner already.
c)
Do/Does is used to form Question and Negative Sentence in the
Present Simple when the sentence doesn’t have a special verb. Moreover, we can
also use them to show the emphasis sentence.
Example:
-
He doesn’t eat meat.
-
Do you love her?
-
I do live here. (emphasis form)
d)
Will is used to form Future Tense.
Example:
-
People will be difficult to live
because of the climate change.
-
The environment will become terrible
in the a few decades.
E.
MODAL VERB
Modal
Verbs are the verbs that are used to talk about ability, permission, obligation
and necessity, obligation and advice, possibility, probability, request, offer,
suggestion, habit and promise. Most Modal Verbs can form question and negative
sentence by themselves. There are many Modal Verbs as following.
COMPLEMENT
1.
THE MEANING OF COMPLEMENT
Complements are
words that come after linking verbs and modify nouns. The most common noun
complements are adjectives and nouns,
but can be many other parts of speech as well.
2.
EXAMPLES
OF COMPLEMENT
All the highlighted words
or phrases below are complements.
-
My sister is a doctor.
-
Tomomi is happy.
- The book is on the table.
- Carl is here.
- We should try to remain calm.
- The test proved
to be more difficult than we had imagined.
- I
consider you a friend.
- Megumi
called her ex-boyfriend a philistine.
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