The Meaning of Conditional sentences
Conditional sentences are sentences expressing
factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so called
because the validity of the main
clause of
the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances,
which may be expressed in a dependent
clause or
may be understood from the context.
Example of Conditional sentences
If
I have enough money, I will go to Japan.
conditional clause main clause
I
will go to Japan, if I have enough money
main clause
conditional clause
Type of Conditional sentences
1.
conditional sentence type 1 (condition
possible to fulfill)
·
If at the beginning :
if +
condition, result/consequence
if + simple
present, (will + bare infinitive)/imperative
·
If at the end :
result/consequence
+ if + condition
(will
+ bare infinitive)/imperative + if + simple present
Example
Conditional Sentence Type 1
Sentence
|
Example
conditional Sentence type 1
|
(+)
|
If I have free time, I will go swimming.
(Jika saya punya waktu luang, saya akan pergi berenang.) |
If the bell rings, I’ll go home.
(Jika bel berbunyi, saya akan pulang ke rumah.) |
|
If you meet Andy, ask him to call me. [imperative]
(Jika kamu bertemu Andy, minta dia menghubungi saya.) |
|
(-)
|
If you don’t finish your homework, your teacher
will be angry.
(Jika kamu tidak menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu, gurumu akan marah.) |
If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry.
/ Unless he comes, I won’t be angry.
(Jika kamu tidak datang, saya tidak akan marah.) |
|
If he comes, I won’t be angry.
(Jika dia datang, saya tidak akan marah.) |
|
(?)
|
If they invite you, will you come?
(Jika mereka mengundangmu, akankah kamu datang?) |
2.
conditional sentence type 2
(condition in theory possible to
fulfill)
·
If at the beginning :
if + condition,
result/consequence
if + simple
past, would/could/might + bare
infinitive
·
If at the end :
result/consequence + if + condition
would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past
Example Conditional Sentence Type 2
Sentences
|
Example
Conditional Sentence type 2
|
(+)
|
If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.
(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)
Fakta:
but I don’t have much hope it will rain (tapi
saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa besok akan hujan)
|
If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.
(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia akan lulus.)
Fakta:
but Nisa doesn’t study hard (tapi Nisa tidak
belajar keras.)
|
|
If I had much money, I would buy a sport car.
(Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil sport.)
Fakta:
but I don’t have much money (tapi saya tidak
punya banyak uang)
|
|
If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money
to charity.
(Jika saya seorang millionaire, saya akan mendonasikan uang saya untuk amal.)
Fakta:
but I’m not a millionaire (tapi saya bukan
seorang milioner)
|
|
(-)
|
If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail.
(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia tidak akan gagal.) |
If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail. atau
Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail.
(Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.) |
|
If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t donate my
money to charity.
|
|
(?)
|
If Nisa studied hard, would she pass?
|
If you had much money, would you buy a sport car?
|
|
If you were a millionaire, would you donate my
money to charity?
|
3.
conditional sentence type 3 (condition not possible to fulfill (too late))
·
If at the beginning :
if + condition, result/consequence
if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle
·
If at the
end :
result/consequence + if +
condition
would/should/could/might have +
past participle + if + past perfect
Example Conditional Sentence type 3
Sentence
|
Example
Conditional Sentence type 3
|
(+)
|
If you had remembered to invite me, I would have
attended your party.
(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)
Fakta:
but you didn’t remember
(tapi kamu tidak ingat) |
If I had given the interviewer really good
answers, I might have got a higher position than you.
(Jika saya memberi jawaban yang benar-benar bagus ke pewawancara, saya mungkin memdapatkan posisi yang lebih tinggi dari kamu.)
Fakta:
but I didn’t give really good answers
(tapi saya tidak memberikan jawaban yang benar-benar bagus) |
|
(-)
|
If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t
have broken many plates.
(Jika pelayan tersebut hati-hati, dia tidak akan memecahkan banyak piring.)
Fakta:
but the waitress wasn’t careful
(tapi pelayan tersebut tidak hati-hati) |
(?)
|
If he had asked you for forgiveness, would you
have forgiven him?
(Jika dia meminta maaf kepadamu, akankah kamu memaafkannya?)
Fakta:
but he didn’t ask you for forgiveness
(tapi dia tidak meminta maaf) |
*
We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible,
too).
·
I would pass the exam.
·
I could pass the exam.
·
I might pass the exam.
·
I may pass the exam.
·
I should pass the exam.
·
I must pass the exam.
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